BRAND REPORT CARD

Brand Report Card

Kevin Lane Keller

analyzed by jagadish

the worlds strongest brands share these ten attributes

1 the brand excels at delivering the benefits customers truly desire :

it is to be noted that brands excel at delivering only by satisfying the customers by finding out what makes the brands unique in satisfying their desires in a complete

eg starbucks

how to know whether brand is delivering to the end consumer for which brand is meant to deliver it is by conducting surveys across the globe through market space (internet) and also by conducting inhouse training to both marketing channels and stakeholders

2 brand stays relevant :

for any brand to stay relevant it has to get updated information on current trends which customers are enjoying and what they expect from brands in the category they are interested in।

question now arises as to how to make the brand stay relevant ।

it can be made relevant by

a) market surveys through market place and market space

b) customer stock option plan
looking at which stocks are popular or not

c) selling products through employees (amway)

d) kiosk that too at shopping places

३) pricing strategy is based on consumers perceptions of value :

actually pricing is done by companies on the basis of cost of production and added by adding up supply chain management ।

now question arises as to what price has to be charged।

it is decided not by customers but by the usability of product the company manufactures।

how can companies chose whether the product that is being sold has usability more of less it is done by

a) daily sales report by marketing executive geographically through management information system

b) number of houses and families report through census of government

c) checking out the staple food of the particular locality through national distributors network report

4 brand is properly positioned :

how can you say that brand is properly positioned as per companies point of view is seen।

it can be known through

a) market space questionaire

b) opinion leaders and focus group

interview or recruitment of them on commission based based upon correct assessment of their ideas

how to locate opinion leaders and focus groups in a particular locality/state/country

opinion leaders and focus groups can be found out through database generated by the internet usage who are giving solutions to the magazines , newspapers etc

in india it is economic times, business standard etc

database which are management newspapers and

in management magazines business world, business today etc are being used by the people who are giving answers to the newspaper/magazines

c) frequent usage saleability of product through organised retail stores database mis(management information system)

5 brand is consistent :

brand can only be consistent till preferences of the customers don't change।

till preferences of customers don't change the ad should remain the same।

how to find out preferences have changed is to find out

a) market space questionnaire

b) focus group / opinion leaders information and their advise through commission

c) cost of house rent in a particular locality determines standard of living of families in that locality

d) setting up of organized retail stores and survey daily through fast sales of products ।

6 brand portfolio and hierarchy make sense :

actually brand portfolio has to have some categories।

like whom to cater to. they can be children/teenagers/adults/ agedpeople

geographical segmentation, Demographic segmentation, nature friendly products type of consumers and

where to find them is through c2c (customer to customer) and b2b (business to business)

eg : amway, tupperware प्रोदुक्ट्स

7 the brand makes use of and coordinates a full repertoire of marketing activities to build equity

what type of marketing activities are required to build brand equity (managing the brand) they can be

a) managing marketing channels (communication, distribution, service channels)

b) good daily sales report of the brand assigned to the team

c) managing stakeholders of the company through quarterly report of the progress of the company so that companies brand name remains intact

8 the brands managers understand what the brand means to consumers

for a brand manager to understand consumers mentality managers have to be constant contact with grassroot level marketing executives।

vertical execution is horrible compared to horizontal execution in 21st century how can you make consumers understand what the brand means to them

a) through explanation of brands being produced to consumers in magazines and also in management newspapers of companies brand represents

b) kiosk

c) promotional campaign of company websites by respective industries under 4c

4c concept :under this concept companies help each other in developing strategies for each other and try to cooperate in developing competition and cooperation in their respective industries

the collaboration of different companies promoting each other in similar industry background by having trust between respective companies while doing promotional campaign

9 the brand is given proper support and that support is sustained over the long run

how sustainance of support to the product or brand is given is through profits earned over the period of time by the company for satisfying the desires of the consumers।

how much profits has to be earned to sustain the product is left to the decision of the board members।

how can company promote brand and support it in its long run।

what arsenal is needed to do that

a) marketing channels

b) word of mouthc) employee promotional campaign

d) market space promotion cross usage of websites

e) retained earnings to be stored up for doing research and development to promote products development for future

10 the company monitors sources of brand equity :

how does company monitors sources of brand equity can be said by looking at a brand audit report prepared by the company।

this brand audit has to be maintained on quarterly basis where it is tested by the investors to know the pulse of the company they are investing at।

how to design a brand audit it can be designed by

a) secondary data/history of company brands

b) strategies designed by the company (SWOT)

c) stakeholders/brand problems and how they were solved (recent)

d) research being done on the brand and how it can be made useful for the end consumers who are interested in the brand/products made by the company

e) this information of brand audit be passed on to the end consumer through market space (internet) to all stakeholders and employees of the company

END

MARKETING WARFARE

Marketing warfare
Alries and Jack trout
analysed by jagadish


I) principles of defensive marketing warfare

1) only market leader should consider playing defense

this cannot be true it is so because even a new entrant who enters into the industry also has to play defensive role to protect himself from the onslaught of existing players in the industry in which new entrant is existing into

if a new entrant is entering into new industry segment then defensive strategy is not needed because he is the only player in the new segment . a new entrant would play defensive strategy when he encounters a competitor in the industry segment he is into

everyone in industry plays defensive strategy and not just market leader

2) the best defensive strategy is the courage to attack yourself

this jagadish would agree because if you don't attack yourself someone would come (competitor)
to smash your own concept. if you don't have the habit of smashing your own concept. on regular basis your cannot improve your own quality staff. in the process you would lose your own product. you must have the habit of cannibalizing your own product so that you can stay ahead in comparison to your competitors.

3) strong competitive moves should always be blocked

it is difficult to find what strong competitive moves can be every move can be called a Strong competitive move if looked in perception angle through different people. so best strategy is cannibalise your own product frequently to stay ahead of your competition invest lot in research and development

cannibalise your own product in best defensive strategy

II) principles of offensive marketing warfare

1) the main consideration is strength of leaders position

when you attack a competitor in any industry segment you have to come up with what your strength are and what are your weak point once you know your strength it comes easy for your to attack your competitors based on your strength

eg suppose a company strength is quality start advertising your strength with the help of your employees. that is the easiest way to promote companies product.

2) find a weakness in the leaders strength and attack at that point

it is true for competitors to attack leader at his weakness but on other hand if you start attacking at leaders strength also in near future their is a likelihood of leader strength becoming weal k and a good s entry for competitor to become leader so jagadish advised that both strength and weaknesses have to be attacked

eg if company strength is quality highlight by comparing competitor leader strength with its quality strength comparison

3) launch the attack on as narrow a front as possible

for a new entrant if it wants to compete with leader first attack on those geographical locations where leader hasn't entered or has least penetration if this policy is adopted by new entrant it can gauge how comfortable it is to fight against the leader

for a leader it is very simple strengthen those areas first where there is least penetration has been done

Defensive marketing warfare continued

4) by placing people at right places :

the question here arises as to how company board members know where employees fit in the organization. it can be known only by job enlargement

job enlargement : any job taken up by the employee of a company which is done in addition to the job he has been assigned to is job enlargement

5) by attacking your competitor : it is always said that attack is best defense . how do you attack your competitor go for flank warfare by attacking those areas where companies are weaker . make those areas of market economies strong which in return would benefit in long run

principles of guerrilla warfare :

1) find a segment of market small enough to defend .
jagadish prasad also adds offense

how do you defend a small segment by satisfying the demands , needs of consumers . how do you know the needs of people by attacking focus opinion leaders of segment which are dominant in those geographical location in which company is planning to either enter or new area it is choosing for itself to enter

how do you go for an offense in company strategy

by targeting opinion leaders in advance and accepting them in company roles and giving them salary to influence decision of masses opinion leaders take pulse of masses because of their regular interaction with masses of their own nature

2) no matter how successful you become never act like a leader

if company doesn't act like a leader company would always be in a defensive mood so if you act like a leader you would always feel like improving standards of your product

would you like to promote your product aggressively or would you like to be in defensive mood of facing threatening moves from leader always being in afraid position which would at last force you to withdraw the product from the market so jagadish advises that act like a leader not as a follower either guerrilla or offensive marketing warfare

attack is best defense because under defense their is a possibility of product being withdrawn even if it is doing very good for defensive mood psychology

3) be prepared to buyout at a moments notice

under guerrilla warfare you bug out at a moments notice
because under guerrilla you are under defensive strategy . if you change the strategy into offensive also then logical thinking takes place in your mindset where you exist out not out of fear but out of good logical thinking with both for or against tactic.

so bug out not out of fear but with logical thinking

4) under guerrilla warfare you save time and money

if you save money and time you get benefit of helping your product , reach masses which need the most. you can spread this product later to other areas

eg nirma started out with small segments went on to become a big mnc , even ghadi detergent of india

principles of flanking warfare

1) a good flanking move must be made into uncontested area

2) tactical surprise out to be an important element of plan

it is true without tactical surprise element product cannot be launched , tactical mover should be their either in cost, quality or in focused area (niches)

3 the pursuit is as critical as the attack itself

it is true without pursuit against a competitor you cannot be eliminate his products in market so pursuit , attack and defense against competitors is required

it has to be noted that in marketing warfare we talk about only competitors and how to destroy or eliminate products of competitors but marketing warfare Can also be used to support complementors

principles of complementor

1) complementor and his added advantage to respective companies

2) complementor and product development

3) complementor and product life cycle

4) complementor and brand value

5) complementor and its risk returns

end of marketing warfare with above questions to be solved later

jagadish definitions

Areas jagadish covers in management

1) market place :- place where normal shopping is done

2) market space : internet


3) organized retail : shopper stop, foodworld

4) unorganized retail : pawn shops, kiranas,


5) core competency : the area which you are good at

6) segmentation : choosing areas based upon demographic, geographic, psychographic


7) demographic segmentation : age, sex, family

8) geographic segmentation : countries, towns, cities


9) psychographic segmentation : attitude, behavioral pattern of customer

10) product life cycle : introduction, growth, maturity, decline


11) introduction : brand being introduced at the entry level

12) growth : brand being in the second stage of life cycle


13) maturity: brand earning huge revenue for the company

14) decline : product being in losses to the company


15) brand equity : managing the brand

16) brand personality : areas where brand is very strong positive or negative


17) types of concepts production concept, product concept, marketing concept , holistic marketing concept, 4c concept


18) production concept : concept based upon huge production on mass scale

19) product concept : concept based upon the quality of product


20) marketing concept : concept based upon the requirement of the customer

21) 4c concept : concept based upon the coordination and cooperation between companies in specified industries


22) Global branding : brand which have to sell globally across countries

23) Glocalisation : global + local means brand which is globally sold is sold by taking into consideration local requirement


24) X generation , y generation : types of generation born in America

25) Baby boomers : generation of people born in America in 1970s


26) Private labels : brand which are sold by organized retailers themselves and not sold by the companies eg : food world selling its own products

27) Marketing myopia : finding a medium of how to solve the problem using different medium

eg: hole to be made, medium :anything screwdriver using to make a hole or pencil to make a hole, ultimately marketing myopia is to solve the issue of making hole medium may be anything


28) Primary data in marketing research : any data made freshly to be used on spot

29) Secondary data : using old data to prepare for primary data usage


30) Porters generic model : cost , differentiation, focus, retained earnings

31) Cost : product being sold and strategy being made based upon cost


32) Differentiation : strategy being designed specially to make a differentiate between products
33) Focus : strategy made based upon core competency

34) Retained earnings : strategy designed basically on the basis of earning retained based upon profits ie profits being retained by the company for future use


35) Holistic marketing concept : concept based upon entire geometry of life, means every aspect covered completely in the concept

36) STP (segmentation, targeting, positioning)


37) Targeting : based upon the target on whom you want to sell the brand, which type of customer

eg : focus group, opinion leaders etc

38) Focus group : group which focuses on particular areas like clothes, sports

39) Opinion leaders : leader whom everyone approaches to get advise from


40) Positioning : area where brands are positioned to sell eg : 10rs, 5 rs, 500 rs

41) Supply chain management : it is the chain from distributor, wholesalers, retailer, customer


42) White goods : good which are sold at a high cost eg : refrigerator, tv, anything which is made on stell, iron content, including even shelves, godrej. Washing machines

43) Positioning is also done on other areas like price, differentiation, and focus


44) perfect relationship management : it can be defined as something when 2 or more
parties come together and think for on behalf of their companies and come out
with better solutions either through collaboration or through कोऑपरेशन

45)collaboration : this is defined as 2 or more companies considered competitors in
the market, come together to solve industry

46) perfect relationship management : a relationship where companies 2 or more join
hands together for a common cause

47) trust : it is something which binds people together without arousing resentment while working with each other


48) participative marketing concept : it is a conceptual tool to determine the
complementors, competitors for the company and help company to provide
solutions to the existing problems in the industry it represents

49) job entry : any entry made by the employee on the job that she has been enrolled
while joining at the first date in the company

50) job enhancement : any job which is done by an employee which enhances the
reputation of the employee and the company is job enhancement

51) job rotation ; any job which an employee does on rotational basis by taking up
different tasks in the company is job rotation

52) job enlargement : any job taken up by the employee of a company which is done
in addition to the job he has been assigned to is job enlargement

53) job work: any job taken by the company employee is job work

54) brand : it is defined as something which personifies the personality of the product
of the company it represents

55) product : anything which highlights the companies inner strength is called as
product

56) marketing : meeting needs profitably

57) needs : anything which satisfies the normal desires of a person is called as needs

58) want : anything which satisfies the entire portion of desires either fully or
partially which can also be future desires of a person is called as want

59) private label : any product designed by the retail industry segment not in tie up
with the companies is called as a private label


check out further definitions in the website of

http://www.themanagementor.com/index.asp

bye

jagadish

customer stock option plan

Customer Stock Option Plan

by jagadish


Q1) what is customer stock option plan ?

Ans) it is the option plan taken by companies in their respective industries under 4c to the end consumers(B2C) , B2B and mergers and acquisitions. this option plan is actually option given to end consumer say organized retail store as stocks

Q2) where can it be implemented ?

Ans) it can be implemented in organized retail stores, end consumers, and B2B and stake holders, e commerce and mobile commerce ( through point systems)

Q3) who is going to be benefited ?

Ans) it is 4c concept so company, consumers, competitors and complementors would be benefited including stake holders, B2B

Q4) should combos be added as an addition to the existing products under csop ?

combos products at once can be implemented under 4c concept by respective industries under respective companies under the industries

Q5) what is the benefit under CSOP for complementors, competitors, company, customer and stake holders ?

Ans) complementors would be benefited by tying up with their value addition products related to companies to generate revenue. complementors by nature give value addition so by giving value addition to end consumers they can create their own name and fame along with the value addition companies through CSOP.

competitors would be benefited because of CSOP for those stocks which are not selling properly in the market place or market space. so by tying up the stocks and promoting them and with CSOP they can promote their stocks and create awareness for their brand image along with competitor company under 4c concept

consumers can be created awareness of the new mutualfunds and other types of shares bonds can be promoted which would enhance the value of the shares as well as companies image under 4c concept

stake holders also will be benefited under CSOP at the time of mergers and acquisitions when losses to stake holders are maximum. stakeholders also would be benefited at the time of winding up by being loyal to their respective companies . that means those stakeholders who stay back with the company say 5 to 10 years down the line.

Company would be benefited by tying up relationship with their respective complementors and competitors under CSOP by promoting with those products which are not selling as good as they should be.


B2B also can be benefited with the same principle of company, the difference lies in quality products being sold, and CSOP will be an added advantage to those B2B companies which are new to the B2B segment


CSOP can be used effectively in e commerce internet by giving stocks to those consumer who frequently use internet for shopping purpose say amazon, ebay

CSOP can be used effectively in mobile commerce by checking up the internet website highlighted in the mobiles say way2 sms


Q6) can csop fail and in which areas it can fail ?

Ans) CSOP (customer stock option plan) can fail only on one basis that is trust between company with complementor or company tie ups

Q7) why csop should be implemented by a company ?

Ans) csop should be implemented by the company due to following reasons

a) goodwill generation
b) promoting sister and complementor company shares
c) sales generation
d) promoting mutual business with competitor/complementor for R&D research

Q8) what is csop doing under 4c concept ?

Ans) 4c concept deals with cooperation between companies to solve industry problems and here promotional campaign of vibrant companies can be promoted through CSOP

Q9) can csop be implemented along with competitor/complementor ?

Ans) CSOP can be implemented with any type of products either competitor or complementor products

CSOP can never be promoted under negative demand of product

negative demand can be defined as demand for company product to reduce its product in the eyes of consumer

under cannabalisation of product also CSOP can be used in order to promote its own better product.


Q10) what are the benefits of csop from a customer perspective ?

Ans) benefits of csop from a customer perspective are

a) get hold of new rising mutual funds, stocks , bonds etc
b) able to know the pulse of the company awareness by end users
c) able to interact with company retail stores to know the pulse of companies which they are getting hold off
d) ability to get discounts in future with the companies through regular purchase - retail outlets and companies

Q11) would customer be benefited under csop and to what large extent under 4c concept ?

Ans) same as above

Q12) would csop affect the supply chain management of company ?

Ans) it would affect only limited supply chain management where existence of database can be generated through ERPs

example : organised retail stores, B2B,

Q13) can csop affect innovation of products/brands ?

Ans) csop affecting innovation can be utilised only in fields

a) personal finance
b) product novelties development (R&D)

Q14) what is the price tag attached to products which are being promoted under csop ?

Ans) price tag that is attached to products which are being promoted under CSOP is novelties to end consumers

Q15) what type of options should be given to customer under csop by company/companies ?

Ans) the type of options should company/companies must give to end consumer are

a) different stock options of different companies
b) product knowledge information about their respective journals , magazines which is beneficial to end user say for

example : kitchen tips, health tips

Q16) should companies tie up with each other under 4c when it comes to csop ?

Ans) companies can tie up with each other under csop for mutual benefit to promote peace and harmony in their respective industries getting for each other research related information which is beneficial for all who are tied up

Q17) what is the role of complementor under csop with 4c as the arsenal ?

Ans) role of complementor under csop

a) promoting quality products along with company if not successful affects csop

b) research along with company to sell under csop

c) financial advise

Q18) how should csop be monitored by the respective company/companies under 4c ?

Ans) through return on investment 4c concept

company is associated with complementor products amount
to whom company is associated
Returns on Investment = returns with
------------------*100 + ----------------------------------------------------
investment share price of that quarter of company

to be checked with companies


Q19) under csop should other industry companies be added up under combo in 4c concept ?

Ans) different industries can be tied out but purpose of csop would be lost out unless they are complementors to the company they are associated with (some or the other way industry companies should be related with main company )

Q20) can esop (employee stock option plan ) be replaced with csop in companies ?

Ans) both are complementary to each other because both are designed to promote revenue for the company one through ideas and the other through sales

Q21) can csop be implemented in rural industry like India ?

Ans) csop in rural industry can be implemented in places like

a) number of satchets purchased in a month (fmcg)

b) borrowing of loans from company

c) promotion of life insurance and being its member

d) being an employee of the company

Q22) how can csop affect the glocalisation in company ?

Ans) glocalisation = company being global + having local flavor

a) promoting cross border information

b) through sales by export import of items

c) promotion of ideas through customers/employees by respective companies

d) research


Q23) what is the limit to which csop can solve companies problems ?

Ans)

their is no limit

its unlimited

think and implement

Q24) what is the role of csop in C2C companies like amway ?

Ans) interpersonal information of ideas is where c2c csop would play a role

Q25) what is the role of csop in B2B, B2C and C2C ?

Ans) promotional campaign and sales generation

Q26) why should csop succeed in companies and what is its future

Ans) csop success can lead to

a) information on ideas
b) increase in sales
c) ad campaigns
d) quality promotions of products/ brands


Q27) In companies who should promote csop ? what is the role of CEO ?

Ans) it should be promoted by board of directors and implemented by cmo (chief marketing officer), cfo (chief financial officer), coo (chief operating officer)

why they

because they are the ones who would get benefited through information generation and knowledge about their company/companies/industry to which they are associated

role of ceo is to see whether implementation is happening or not

END

MARKETING MANAGEMENT QUESTIONS

MARKETING MANAGEMENT

QUESTIONS OF PHILIP KOTLER

ANSWERED BY JAGADISH

Q1) How does marketing affect customer value ?

Ans) customer value : any value which benefits the customer and increases his aspiration to purchase the product again which he has purchased marketing helps the customer in selecting the product which he aspires to purchase। a customer doesn't have idea what is important for himself। he checks out through products which are marketed in the product and purchases them by tallying with what is suitable to him and how the product is useful in his daily activities.

Q2) How is strategic planning carried out at different levels of the organization ?

Ans) strategic planning has to be carried out by both middle management and top level management। it is so because middle management is in touch with entry level marketing executives which makes the middle management understand the pulse of the customers। middle management and top level management understand both strategic and man management principle। hence strategic management has to be carried out by both middle management and top level management .

how many people has to be their from middle management?

depends upon how big the organization। jagadish feels that all the middle management who make strategic decisions has to be included in the decision making process . it is so because they are with the marketing executives

2 touch with the customers, who interact with front line executives. problems of front line executives with customers are also sorted by the middle management

Q3) what does a marketing plan include ?

Ans) marketing plan should include

a) vision of the company

b) mission of the company

c) aim of the company in next 5 to 10 years deadline

d) tactics of the company to solve the mission

e) problems that company would face in near future and how it can solve the problem

f) how stockholders would be handled by the company

g) what would happen to products supply chain management in near future।

h) financial projections of the company and also what to expect from the company in near future

i) future projects being taken up by the company in near future

Q4) what are the components of a modern marketing information system ?

Ans) components that are expected in a modern marketing information system is same as above question

Q5) what are useful internal records ?

Ans) useful internal records should include as same as above question and below question

Q6) what is involved in a marketing intelligence system ?

Ans) marketing intelligence system should include

a) supply chain management system

b) vision and mission of company

c) secondary data of the company products

d) future projections and aim of the company

e) competitors and complementors decision making information and their product information and how it would affect the company

Q7) what are the key methods for tracking and identifying opportunities in the macro environment ?

Ans) a) secondary data of the company

b) market place and market space

c) complementor and competitor वेबसाइट्स

d) government regulations to respective industries

Q8) what are some important macro environment developments ?

Ans) a) government regulations

b) market space control

c) supply chain management rules

d) multilevel marketing

e) service industry development in near future

f) spirituality being introduced in management

Q9) what constitutes good marketing research ?

Ans) good marketing research should include

a) good secondary data

b) perfect segmentation, targeting and positioning

c) knowledge management about the product that is being researched

d) correct primary data questions to get the correct information

Q10) what are good metrics for measuring marketing productivity ?

Ans) good metrics for measuring marketing productivity are

a) correct primary data and secondary data

b) sales being generated through the product in the locality (Demographic and geographic)

c) repeat purchase by customer with the help of MIS (management information system) ERP(Enterprise Resource planning)

Q11) How can marketers assess their return on investment of marketing expenditures ?

Ans) marketers assess their ROI of marketing expenditure through various ways like

1 repeat purchase by customer

2 development of market space by company

3 number of complementors developed because of ROI

4 reduction of competitors in the market

5 increase in profit in the place market expenditure was incurred

Q12) How can companies more accurately measure and forecast demand ?

Ans) The companies can accurately measure and forecast demand through different ways

1 Management Information system

2 secondary data research about the product -6 months

3 market space questionnaire 4 constant repeat purchase by customers in specified localities।

Q13) what are customer value , satisfaction and loyalty, and how can companies deliver them ?

Ans) customer value : any value which creates satisfaction in a product by its consumption either company or customers i.e B2B, B2C

customer satisfaction : any satisfaction enjoyed by customers through usage of products produced by the company is called customer satisfaction

customer loyalty : it is defined as something by which customers through products, through repetition, purchase, products because of its overall satisfaction enjoyed by its consumption by customers through repetition

companies can deliver customer value , satisfaction and create loyalty for their products in different ways . they are through

1 Customer stock option plan for repeat purchasers

2 supply chain management removed through company outlets by getting information by interacting directly with customers eg Hindustan Lever Limited outlets

3 by focusing their attention on opinion leaders by recruiting them in the company payrolls

4) through 4c by tying up relationship between companies to do marketing research on their respective companies brands in similar industry

Q14) what is the lifetime value of customers for a company ?

Ans) how to calculate it lifetime value of customers can be analysed by

sales generated by company products in the year

----------------------------------------------------- * 50 (life time age of customers)

number of products sold in a year B2B or B2C

TO BE DISCUSSED LATER

Q15) how can companies both attract and retain customers ?

Ans) companies can both attract and retain customers through different ways। they are

1) CSOP (customer stock option plan)

2) websites by giving offers to customers who log in into the website (bonazas)

3) 4c concept through combos

4) education training booklets to use products purchased to optimum level, how to use products through alternative uses by customers which can benefit product

Q16) how can companies cultivate strong customer relationships ?

Ans) companies can cultivate strong customer relationships through ways like

1) CSOP (customer stock option plan)

2) free gifts/ tour packages/ books to those shareholders who have stayed for 3 or more years with the company

3) company factory tour package to those stakeholders who have stayed with the company

4) articles by customers on company brouchers with photo

Q17) how can companies deliver total quality ?

Ans) companies can deliver total quality by various ways

1) 4c concept by tying up relationship with company known for quality service and product and through other areas

2) CSOP (customer stock option plan)

3) through good supply chain MANAGEMENT

4) through quality products to be manufactured with good raw materials

Q18) what is database marketing ?

Ans) database marketing is defined as anything which produces database for the products for which marketing is designed

Q19) How do consumer characteristics influence buying behavior ?

in the 21st century people buy products out of want instead of need

needs : anything which satisfies the normal desires of a person is called as needs

want : anything which satisfies the entire portion of desires either fully or partially which can also be future desires of a person is called as want

it is also seen that consumers purchase through impulse buying in 21st century,. this type of purchase has become more common than other style of purchase. (market place and market space) it is seen evident because their is too much of excess money with consumers because of revolution that has taken place in Information technology and business process outsourcing which is seen even in both developed and underdeveloped countries. money circulation has become excess than required so people are going for want instead of need. but this type of spending by consumers is still not evident than in streams other than the two above.(Information technology and bpo) retail segment and hospitality are only the other streams which is fast picking up on par with information technology and BPO. consumer characteristics do influence decision making of an individual. if a person likes to play sports his purchasing capacity to a larger extent be restricted to sports. now problem here is that if a company wants to sell its products either the company is new or old it doesn't matter . the only thing left out how would the company know the characteristics of an individual to which it wants to तर्ज

the solution is

1 survey in organized retail stores

2 survey in cinema halls at the time of purchase of tickets by family unit.

3 survey in newspapers and gift wraps attached on the following day for giving important information to the company which did the survey in the newspaper survey cannot be done in magazines,billboards

1 they are costly affair

2 only few consumers purchase compare to newspapers

3 mostly in 21st century people buy on impulse

Q20) what major psychological processes influence consumer responses to the marketing program ?

1) impulse buying

2) gifts/products which are free and gifts/products which have novelty in them

3) fast money generating programs of marketing

4) any product which solves their daily problems quickly

Q21) How do consumers make purchasing decisions ?

1) impulse buying

2) gifts/novelty products

3) anything which consumers can get atleast double the investment they have invested in money

4) any product or item which makes peoples life easy and comfortable

Q22) How do marketers analyze consumer decision making ?

Ans) marketers can analyse consumer decision making through different ways

1) information technology : market space and organised retail stores in both developed and developing countries in those areas where countries work on unorganised retail stores information can be got through wholesalers and distributors

2) in those areas where multi level marketing (mlm) is prominent way of generating sales it can be solved through retail outlets who sell to these individual people who use mlm

Q23) What is the business market and how does it differ from the consumer market ?

Ans) business market can be defined as any business which is done through b2b (business to business) segment. it differs from consumer market as consumer market is defined as any business which is done under b2c (business to consumer) segment and c2c(consumer to consumer) segment

Q24) what buying situation do organizational buyers face ?

Ans) buying situation organizational buyers fall under

1) technical, non technical recruitment staff

2) knowledge capital

3) manufacturing and non manufacturing components

4) market place and market space buying

Q25) who participates in the business to business buying process ?

Ans)

1) purchasing department

2) finance department

3) marketing department

4) ceo, cfo , cmo , coo and board of directors if price of purchasing is beyond the hr policy of above 3 departments

Q26) How do business buyers make their decisions ?

Ans) business buyers purchase from others based upon future and present projects they are going to undertake. based upon these projects they tie up with respective companies , industries which are related to those projects they are going to undertake.

Q27) How can companies build strong relationships with business customers ?

Ans) companies build strong relationships based upon the projects they undertake and profits and also on the projects which are shared on the basis of contribution given by respective industries and companies .in the project they have undertaken

1) contract basis relationship is maintained

2) quality control mechanism at regular projects

3) knowledge sharing between partners

4) regular service and interaction between partners

Q28) How do institutional buyers and government agencies do their buying ?

Ans)

1) market place and market space

2) company gatherings

3) multi level marketing by respective employees of the company for the company he represents

4) through the aid of complementors

Q29) what are the different levels of market segmentation ?

Ans) 1) segmentation on the basis of countries

2) segmentation on the basis of demographic locations

3) segmentation on the basis of geographic locations

4) segmentation on the basis of population

5) segmentation on the basis of culture

6) segmentation on the basis of religion

7) segmentation on the basis of issues

8) segmentation on the basis of generations

Q30) how can a company divide a market into segments ?

Ans) same as above

Q31) How should a company choose the most attractive target markets ?

Ans) 1) the most attractive target markets can be chosen based upon the income earned and expenditure being spent by the locality in which the people stay। the more they earn the more they spend

2) based upon the locality in which people stay

3) population based upon sex, male dominated or female dominated locality

Q32) what are the requirements for effective segmentation ?

Ans) to do an effective segmentation requirements are

1) company products

2) population sex

3) earning capacity in that particular locality

4) housing rent

Q33) what is a brand and how does branding works ?

Ans) brand : it is defined as something which personifies the personality of the product of the company it represents branding helps and works in different ways

a) it helps in removing barriers between nations (glocalisation)

b) brands help in making two or more competitors come together to solve their financial, marketing etc problems (spiritual marketing concept)

spiritual marketing concept : under this concept companies help each other in developing strategies for each other and try to cooperate in developing competition and coopreation in their respective industries

c) brands help advertisors think innovatively

d) brands help supply chain management making them both efficient and effective in performance

e) brands help consumers in creating image in society for themselves

Q34) what is brand equity ?

Ans) it is how effectively and effficeintly brand can be monitored and used for answers companies benefit

Q35) how is brand equity measured and managed ?

Ans) brand equity is built upon

a) good supply chain management

b) word of mouth, advertising

c) quality

d) differentiation

e) cost focus

f) how efficiently retained earnings are used for measuring brands (Research and Development)

Q36) How is brand equity measured ?

Ans) it is measured on basis of ROI invested on brand produced by the company

ROI = returns\investment* 100

2) based upon creativity

how can it be measured changes made to the brand at regular intervals to catch hold of new generation with old generation jagadish feels that change should happen once in 3 months becasie age gap or generation gap; is getting decreased with introduction of information technology with feedback .mechanism with target questions to both separately new or old generation (market space) internet

creativity questions (sample)

1) what changes have you obsessed in past brand in connection with revised brand (VIBGYOR)

2) was the brand introduced newly satisfied your taste buds [1 to 5]

3) which areas should company touch while designing the product (color, appearance, usage, mobility)

4) what is the best way to advertise the brand ( mass communications, communication channels, service channels )

5) what were the weaknesses of brand when introduced last time ( packages, service, communications , distributions)

6)according to new introduction of brand who should be the target audience age group (0-19, 20-35, 36-50, 50-90)

how is brand equity managed ?

managing the brand can be done through

a) mass communication

b) service channel

c) distribution channel

d) market space

Q37) what are the importance decisions in developing a branding strategy ?

Ans)

a) feasibility of the project brand

b) availability in Research and Development (money)

c) usage of channel partners efficiently and effectively

d) segmentation, targeting , positioning of brand

e) glocalisation of the brand

Q38) how can a firm choose and communicate an effective positioning in the market ?

ans) A firm can choose and communicate effective positioning in the market through

a) quality

b) good supply chain management

c) channel partners

d) focus

e) cost

f) differentiation

g) retail outlets (organised, unorganised)

Q39) how are brands differentiated ?

same as above

Q40) what marketing stategies are appropriate at each stage of the product life cycle ?

Ans) introduction ( word of mouth)

growth ( advertising )

maturity ( advertising and market space (internet)

decline ( quality improvement and lots of advertising)

Q41) what are the implications of market evolution for marketing strategies ?

Ans) a) development of new out of box thinking

b) products mature early but remain their for long period of time

c) usage of higher end technology (ERP)

Q42) how do marketers identify primary competitors ?

Ans) on the basis of

a) market share

b) repeated purchases of competitors products known through organised retailers technology

c) supply chain management

d) communication channels

Q43) how should we analyse competitors strategies objectives strengths and weaknesses ?

Ans) 1) observing supply chain management of competitors

2) survey by giving it to distributors, retailers, wholesalers

3) body shopping

4) trade unions

Q44) how can market leaders expand the total market and defend market share ?

Ans) 1) by setting up factories

2) by coordinating with complementors

3) setting up company outlets

4) multilevel marketing how to defend market share

a) by setting up dwelling in Research and Development

b) creating market space

c) by creating gift bonazas

d) csop (customer stock option plan for repeat purchasers)

Q45) how should market challengers attack market leaders ?

Ans) 1) guerilla warfare

2) attack the strengths by making comparative analysis between challengers and leaders

3) by setting up company outlets where competitors has and hasn't touched

4) Flank attack

Q46) How can market followers or nichers compete effectively ?

Ans) same as above

Q47) what are the characteristics of products and how can they be classified ?

Ans) characteristics of products are :

1) product should have saleability

2) product should have good easy name

3) product should have good communication channels

4) product should satisfy to a larger extent desire of consumers

5) product should possess repeat purchases ।

how are products classified ?

a) perishable

b) non perishable

c) stable ( satisfying customers on the spot with consumption)

eg tea

d) non stable : (product that takes longer time to satisfy consumers)

eg : reading a book

Q48) how can companies differentiate products ?

Ans) same as above

Q49) how can a company build and manage its products mix and product lines ?

Ans) product : through communication channels

place : through segmentation, targetting, positioning

price : through cost, focus,differentiation, retained earnings

promotion : through communication, service , distribution channels

Q50) how can companies use packaging, labelling , waranties and gaurantees as marketing tools ?

Ans) companies can use packaging to bring about novelty -

warranties and gaurantee if lengthened can help consumers to purchase more of the product labeling helps consumers pick up easily the product with smart names

eg : Rajnigandha

Q51) how are services defined and classified and how do they differ ?

services is defined as any return which paid back by the company for services rendered by it back to consumers classification of services

a) services rendered through word of mouth

b) services rendered through technology

c) services rendered through manual labor

d) services rendered through money word of mouth is rendered by explanation of product technology is rendered through after sale service (defective technology manual labour is rendered through after sale service money is rendered by buy back offer

eg: pressure cookers

Q52) how are services marketed : ?

Ans) same as above

Q53) how can service quality be improved ?

Ans) a) job enlargement

b) job rotation

c) job enhancement

Q54) How do services marketers create strong brands ?

Ans ) a) after sale service

b) word of mouth

c) communication channels

d) market space

e) help desk

f) research and development

g) booklets

Q55) How can goods producing companies improve customer support services ?

Ans) a) business process outsourcing

b) telecallers

c) information booths [kiosks]

d) industrial fairs

e) Customer relationship management

f) market space [ emails ]

g) surveys

Q56) how do consumers process and evaluate prices ?

Ans) a) competitor price

b) segmentation, targeting , positioning

c) salary earned by respective family target audience

d) number of family members

e) break even point

f) replacement of products quickly

Q57) how should a company set prices initially for products or services ?

Ans) a) break even point

b) decision takers as to how quickly board of members want profit

c) competitor pricing

d) effect on market space money

e) technology at hand

f) supply chain management usage and cost factor

Q58) how should a company adapt price to meet varying circumstances and opportunities ?

Ans) a) inflatiion : stop advertisement, use distribution channels to promote product

b) deflation : use market space (internet), communication channels, combos

c) stagflation : unemployment + inflation, word of mouth through employees of company

Q59) when should a company initiate a price change ?

Ans) 1) change in competitor price affect company into losses

2) when demand for a product is high or low compared to supply of the product into market

3) when inflation , deflation , stagflation occur in the market

4) when product enhancement taken into consideration

Q60) how should a company respond to a competitors price change ?

Ans) 1) outsourcing the areas where company can reduce money

2) core competency keep it to oneself

3) increase research and development expenditure by reducing communication channels [through focus, differentiation]

4) retained earnings to be decreased by giving it shares to shareholders

Q61) what is marketing channel system and value networks?

Ans) marketing channel system : it is systematic process of channelising product from starting point to end user

Q62) what works do marketing channels perform ?

Ans) 1) bring brand closer to consumer

2) make brand awareness possible

3) helps in promoting products under B2B, B2C,C2C

4) help brands in STP

Q63) how should channels be designed ?

Ans) 1) on the basis of segmentation,targeting, positioning

2) on the basis of innovation

3) on the basis of creativity

4) on the basis of brand equity

Q64) what decisions do companies face in managing their channels ?

Ans) a) what type of channel to decide to promote brand

b) if marketing channel fails what the back up

c) what type of channel to use to do segmentation, targeting, positioning

d) which channel is effective under situation like 1) inflation 2) deflation 3) stagflation

Q65) what major types of marketing intermediaries occupy this sector ?

Ans) Retailing - organised, unorganised

wholesale - all types of products handling similar types of products handling logistics - transportation,। warehousing

Q66) what marketing decisions do these marketing intermediaries make ?

Ans) 1) type of products to store

2) quantity of products to store

3) cost factor involved

4) usage of Enterprise Resource Planning

Q67) what are the major trends with marketing intermediaries ?

Ans) unorganized to organized retailers

Q68) what is the role of marketing communications ?

Ans) 1) To create brand equity for the product

2) to do segmentation , targeting, positioning for the product

3) to make consumers aware of the product

4) to find complementors for the company

Q69) how do marketing communications work ?

Ans) through

1) mass media

2) market space

3) networking

4) supply chain management

5) B2B, B2C, C2C

6) segmentation , targeting, positioning

7) branding

Q70) what are the major steps in developing effective communication ?

Ans) 1) vision of the company

2) brand equity

3) mission of the company

4) segmentation , targeting , positioning

5) feedback

Q71) what is the communication mix and how should it be set?

Ans) communication mix : it is considred to be a mixture of conglomerate of selected channels to get right promotion of product brand into making without creating hurdles for the company the brand represents how should it be set

1) on the basis of objective of the brand

2) on the basis of the life cycle of brand

3) on the basis of competition with competitors

4) on the basis of help got from complementors

Q72) what is an integrated marketing communications program ?

Ans) to determine whether communication are truly integrated

1) on the basis of channels marketing

2) on the basis of coverage of brand

3) on the basis of cost

Q73) what steps are involved in developing an advertising programs ?

ans) 1) vision of the company

2) mission of the company

3) segmentation, targeting, positioning

4) type of communication channels

5) frequency of promotion activity

6) investment by company ।

Q74) how should sales promotion decisions be made ?

Ans) a) input from marketing executives

b) objectives of mission and vision of the company

c) investment to be made by company

Q75) what are the major ways of entering a foreign market ?

Ans) 1) mergers and acquisitions

2) own outlets

3) technology

4) saving price

5) quality standards

6) demographic population

7) geographic advantage

8) better communication channels

Q76) what factors should a company review before deciding to go abroad ?

Ans) 1) target population

2) segmentation, targeting , positioning

3)which product to introduce

4) pricing of the product

5) change of name plate of brand it is making

Q77) how can companies evaluate and select specific foreign markets to enter ?

Ans) 1) similarity in culture

2) friendship between countries

3) population demographics

4) manpower

5) pricing

Q78) what are the guidelines for effective brand building events and experiences ?

Ans) guidelines for effective brand building events and experiences are

brand building events and experiences can be defined as promotional activities done to make the brand a success in the minds of consumers else customers

some of the best ways to do it

a) demographic and geographic locations of consumers where brand is not selling

b) survey on consumer spending where brand is not selling

c) core competency of the area where branding is weak, to find out products that sell in that location

d) age group of the locality where brand is weak

e) media selection by the respective consumers where brand is weak

Q79) how can companies exploit the potential of public relations and publicity ?

Ans) companies can exploit the potential of public relations and publicity through

a) check out the mass media which is prevalent in the geographic location selected by company

b) check out the age group of the consumers who are using mass media

c) check out through kiosk how effective the consumers are in knowledge about products and also on other brand awareness of products that company represents

d) select the distribution channel which is convenient for the company to deliver

e) if successful product distribution towards consumers then can later be done through company outlets


Q80) How can companies use integrated direct marketing for competitive advantage ?

Ans) integrated direct marketing is defined as direct marketing association of multiple benefits packed together to solve company problems

competitive advantage can be defined as any benefit enjoyed by the company either through cost advantage, focus or differentiation between company products or branding

how to use integrated direct marketing for competitive advantage by companies

it is by

a) checking out the marketing channels which can be used by the company

b) checking out whether direct marketing can be added up to these channels selected by company

c) checking out the marketing strategy adopted by the company through secondary data

d) checking out the products used by the company while selecting the secondary data

e) checking out whether the direct marketing benefits were used by the company or not

f) benefits can be like after sale service, pamphlet distribution, customer database collection etc

g) checking out whether those benefits can be reused for present brands or not

h) checking out the complementors who would be benefited because of this direct marketing tactics used by the company and tie up with them for future sales and benefits to be enjoyed by the companies that are being associated with each other

i) once you know complementors try to see, what other benefits that a complementor can bring to the company that it feels associated with

j) lastly by checking out the demographic, geographic boundaries used by the companies to promote to customers for their respective products



Q81) how can companies do effective e-marketing ?

Ans) companies can do effective e marketing through different ways such as

a) job portal survey
b) cross usage of e marketing space in the Internet
c) additional packages and updations sent to end user account through net

Q82) what decisions do companies face in designing a sales force ?

Ans) the decisions needed by companies to face while designing a sales force is through

a) geographic boundaries does the company products have sold and are to be sold to end user
b) average rent paid by the end user while stationing at respective localities
c) selecting the job localities in respective states and their employee salary packages where they work
d) age group of focus group, opinion leaders which are to be targeted by the sales force


Q83) how do companies manage a sales force efficiently ?

Ans) companies can manage a sales force efficiently by following certain rules and regulations

a) keeping the sales force age to certain minimum based on the target customer they cater to

b) creating a close nit teams catering to particular localities by respective teams on consistent basis without changing their respective localities so that team gets used to catering to those localities assigned to them permanently

c) creating a team report by respective teams to their localities every day or week depending upon the end consumer else retailers requirement

Q84) how can salespeople improve selling, negotiating and relationship marketing skills ?


Ans) salespeople in a company can improve selling, negotiating and relationship building skills through by

a) attending management seminars
b) in house laboratory
c) strategy team and training and development wing to be given good management books/journals and to apply them to the companies requirements


Q85) what challenges does a company face in developing new products ?

Ans) challenges that a company faces in developing new products are

a) cost factor -- too costly to sell to end user

b) not able to associate the product with existing complementor product

c) goodwill of company image is at stake to make product compete with other competitors on all fronts like quality, service, distribution etc

d) choosing of marketing channel (service, distribution, communication) is at stake if product fails which might affect the existing brand communication channel of existing products of the company


Q86) what organizational structures are used to manage new product development ?

Ans) the type of organizational structures that are used to management new product development are

horizontal structures because easy monitoring by CEO to check whether product is beneficial to the customers or not

complementor structure to check out whether the product is beneficial to complementors or not

complementor structure can be defined as number of complementors which can create value addition to the company or industry to which it might relate to (product wise)



Q87) what are the main stages in developing new products ?

Ans) The main stages in developing new products are

a) marketing research
b) good segmentation , targeting and positioning of product to be launched
c) checking out the changes that have happened in consumer behavior over the period of say 6 months with the help of focus group, opinion leaders
d) finding out whether product would be accepted based upon line extension or not

Q88) what is the best way to set up the new product development process ?

Ans) new product development process can be defined as process that takes place in development of products launched which is beneficial to the end user or not which can be both B2B, B2C

the best way to set up the new product development process are

a) focus group , opinion leaders information including through Internet

b) complementor information gathering as to what developments have happened to them

c) checking out the developments happening in the retail sector

d) employee ERP information as to what changes would employees like to make in their company products and if success pay them stocks from the company



Q89) what factors affect the rate of diffusion and consumer adoption of newly launched products ?

Ans) the rate of diffusion can be defined as the spread of social institutions (and myths and skills) from one society to another (word web)

the factors that affect the rate of diffusion of newly launched products are

a) environment changes of developments taking place in society
b) inflation, deflation, stagflation taking place in society
c) concentration of population index ( youngster, aged etc ) in a country
d) employment generation through companies (strategy wing thought process)

the factors that affect the consumer adoption of newly launched products are

consumer adoption can be defined as products that are easily acceptable by consumers which are newly launched into the society

a) demographic (age, sex )
b) psychographic (attitude)
c) house rent
d) employment of youth into what type of companies
e) concentration of middle class in particular localities


Q90) To what extent must the company adopt the products and marketing program to each foreign country?


Ans) the company must adopt the products and marketing program to each foreign country by

a) multi linguistic languages in respective countries
b) age group of the maximum consumers prevalent in respective countries
c) mass media used by respective countries
d) resemblance of culture present in foreign country as is prevalent in motherland


Q91) how should the company manage and organize the international activities ?

Ans) the company should manage and organize the international activities through different ways such as

a) glocalization
b) setting up toll free numbers in international countries
c) monthly booklets to be published to employees and stakeholders about companies situated in foreign and local countries


Q92) what are important trends in marketing practices ?

Ans) the important trends in marketing practices are

a) spiritual marketing concept
b) trust between companies
c) coming up of complementors
d) organised retail sectors coming into operation acrosss nations
e) setting up of manufacturing units in towns specially in developing nations

Q93) what are the keys to effective internal marketing ?

Ans) internal marketing can be defined as operations done by companies through internal management by brand managers

the keys to effective internal marketing are

a) setting up ERP for internal records
b) setting up advertising budget with and without mass media support
c) getting help through focus group, opinion leaders
d) promotional campaign through market space (internet)
e) finding out complementors in the market and promote them through combos

Q94) how can companies be responsible social marketers ?

Ans) companies can be responsible social marketers by following certain rules

a) by serving ecological balance products to end user which would benefit them goodwill in the long run

b) by promoting trust between companies and help each other to develop their respective industries in the eyes of stakeholders

c) by promoting good products of any company which is useful to end user


Q95) how can a company improve its marketing implementation skills ?

Ans) company can improve its marketing implementation skills through

a) opinion leaders help
b)employee stock option plan
c) employee customer stock option plan
d) complementor sharing of information
e) doing research and development with both complementor and competitor industry wise


Q96) what tools are available to help companies monitor and improve their marketing activities ?


Ans) the tools that are available to help companies monitor and improve their marketing activities are

a) ERP (enterprise resource planning)

b) CSOP (customer stock option plan)

c) ESOP (employee stock option plan)

d) MARKET SPACE (internet)

e) mobile commerce

Q97) How is marketing important ?

in todays 21st century marketing is becoming the backbone of companies। even though we see financial officers becoming ceos this trend can change in near future for the simple reason being without cmo or marketing wing the company cannot run। one may argue that cfo help in making financial decisions and allotment of money is important for a company। but one has to see that even after financial allocation cfo stills depends upon revenue generation। this means he has to go back to marketing wing to generate revenue . without marketing wing financial wing cannot survive. but without financial wing marketing can survive.

Q98) what is the scope of marketing ?

The state of the environment in which a situation exists copied from wordweb i define scope as jurisdiction beyond which marketing is not tied up। what can be the scope of marketing jagadish says their are 2 things beyond which the scope of marketing ends। one is financial monetary aspect the other is non monetary or case analysis of marketing problems.

Q99) what are some fundamental marketing concepts ?

some fundamental concepts coined by jagadish concepts are

spiritual marketing concept : under this concept companies help each other in developing strategies for each other and try to cooperate in developing competition and cooperation in their respective industries

the basis of foundation of this concept would be on 3 layers

1 trust

2 perfect relationship management

3 participative marketing management

perfect relationship management : it can be defined as something when 2 or more parties come together and think for on behalf of their companies and come out with better solutions either through collaboration or through cooperation

collaboration : this is defined as 2 or more companies considered competitors in the market, come together to solve industry problems

perfect relationship management : a relationship where companies 2 or more join hands together for a common cause

trust : it is something which binds people together without arousing resentment while working with each other

participative marketing concept : it is a conceptual tool to determine the complementors, competitors for the company and help company to provide solutions to the existing problems in the industry it represents

job entry : any entry made by the employee on the job that she has been enrolled while joining at the first date in the company

job enhancement : any job which is done by an employee which enhances the reputation of the employee and the company is job enhancement

job rotation ; any job which an employee does on rotational basis by taking up different tasks in the company is job rotation

job enlargement : any job taken up by the employee of a company which is done in addition to the job he has been assigned to is job enlargement

job work: any job taken by the company employee is job work brand : it is defined as something which personifies the personality of the product of the company it represents

product : anything which highlights the companies inner strength is called as product

marketing : meeting needs profitably

needs : anything which satisfies the normal desires of a person is called as needs

want : anything which satisfies the entire portion of desires either fully or partially which can also be future desires of a person is called as want

private label : any product designed by the retail industry segment not in tie up with the companies is called as a private label

Q100) how has marketing management changed ?

It can be seen that retail segment has come up with private labels in competition with company products marketing management has become a commonsense approach। it is through commonsense that problems are being solved through case studies. if you take into consideration premier management schools case study analysis commonsense has become the sole moto in solving current and future problems on the basis of secondary data.

Q101) what are the tasks necessary for successful marketing management ?

in to days scenario trust , commitment and truth have become the foundation on which necessary marketing management principles arebased upon।

END MARKETING MANAGEMENT QUESTIONS

EARTH IS STATIONARY

ASTRONOMY

NOTES OF STEPHEN HAWKING

ANALYSED BY JAGADISH


EARTH IS STATIONARY



one of the most popular belief in human race is the realization that planets like earth, mars etc rotate around sun.

question now arises is sun stationary or earth stationary

it is also said in science that sun also rotates on its axis just like earth

now question arises how can we prove which theory stands good


1 earth stationary or not

2 sun stationary or not

hypothesis is that

say if earth is stationary

1 we can prove by saying that satellites which are man made rotate around earth and their paths are fixed

if path of satellites man made is fixed it is also must be true that earth is stationary

2 second thing if satellites are designed which are man made fall on the oceans only and their

trajectory is fixed to fall only on earth ocean

it is proved that earth doesn't have revolution because if revolution is their it is assumed that

satellites which are man made aren't fixed so because satellites man made are fixed earth should

also be stationary to let satellites fall on earth ocean


3 if earth revolves around sun asteroids must be falling now and then

it can be proved by science through commonsense that men like NASA can predict when would

asteroids fall on earth and when it is dangerous for earth

so again we have proved that earth is stationary and not have revolution because of prediction done

by NASA

4) it can also be stated that all other planets are also stationary as planet earth

commonsense again tells that for planets are stationary and hence is made easy by NASA

mathematicians to prove the exact location of the planet when space shuttles are sent to planets

5) we can again prove that earth is stationary by stating that space shuttles man made are sent to

outer space they also return back and if we state that earth is revolving and rotating at the same

time around sun how can space

shuttles return back at the right point as a rate speed of rotation being taken place by planet

so we have to proclaim that earth also doesn't have rotation and all other planets also remain the

same because of same hypothesis which holds good for earth

now question again arises as to which theory is correct which one sun or earth or other planet

which is rotating or revolving

if we assume that sun is revolving and rotating around earth does sun have any characteristic

features like cold zone , heat zone, neutral zone in its area of jurisdiction while rotating on its axis

this statement has been stated because of day and night happening in the earth

now lets leave this point here and ask NASA whether it can prove the points stated by me holds

true or false

i haven't proven in my analysis that how day and night occur on earth. i have left it open because

we have to know in future what sun is all about, how it rotates on its axis . is it just like earth or is

their any other way to prove the hypothesis correct or wrong about sun rotation else revolution

their are still some more questions unanswered

is sun really rotating or not ?

does sun has a revolution or not ?

why is that sun has been assigned the task by nature to give heat to earth ?

is it sun or is it other galaxies stars who generate heat for the mother earth ?

their are endless questions unanswered by me

hence goodbye for now

hope NASA can solve this unsolved mystery which has been waging since mans inquisitive brain

about astronomy

happy analysis by yourself

continuation of earth stationary

another point i thought about was that if it is solar eclipse or lunar eclipse if earth is rovolving or rotating they do occur but through previous logical reasoning earth is stationary

hence can we predict that our moon is rotating and revolving around earth or sun

if moon is revolving around sun or earth because of revolution of earth moon revolution cannot be fixed it should change with the change of earth revolution distance

hence very interesting question is moon revolving around sun also or is it true that it revolves only around earth ?

if moon is rotating around sun through commonsense we can predict by stating that moon and sun distance must be closing together else if it is other way round and moon is travelling around earth distance between earth and moon is coming closer together faster than distance between moon and sun

by predicting that moon is revolving either along with sun or earth or both

now another question if earth is stationary and moon is rotating or revolving how can we say that we landed on moon

that means again through commonsense which i used earlier holds true moon is also stationary

how does solar , lunar eclipse occur

according to solar , lunar eclipse earth or moon come in between either sun and earth or sun and moon

is it now a question raised that was it moon or was it some other planet or star that came in between sun and earth

for example if we assume that moon is coming in between sun and earth , moon is a full moon and not partial moon but it is also stated that this lunar or solar eclipse occur only on certain locations of earth not entirely

how is this possible ?

if we calculated the lunar , solar eclipse we actually have calculated the distance of revolution of either or all the three sun, moon and earth

another question if we predicted sun, moon and earth on what basis have we calculated their distance without knowing their revolution distance length

and again how did we calculated the 365 1/4 time based upon revolution of earth

another question sun rises in the east sets in the west

moon rises in the west sets in the east

how ?

is it again a statement that even sun is stationary or not


experiment starts

Earth is stationary



the next part is that if moon comes in between earth and sun it is solar eclipse

if earth comes in between moon and sun it forms lunar eclipse

hence moon rises in the west and sets in the east

sun rises in the east and sets in the west

hence if both come together at one straight line because of moon rising in the east and sets in the west and sun rises in the east and sets in the west if it comes in straight line then lunar , solar eclipse occur otherwise it is normal setting and rising of both sun and earth


is it then true that which one is rotating or revolving

hundred dollar question

hypothesis : if it is true lunar, solar eclipse normally occur only in afternoon

if suppose we want to know whether rotation or revolution occur it can be known but how much distance can one go in space to see the difference

commonsense says that even if we go far away as sun even then we cannot see the rotation , revolution of the sun

again we can say this because from earth we cannot see rotation , revolution of sun or we have to assume the other way round saying sun is stationary

we keep the option open that sun is either rotating or revolving or stationary

one other area to be covered

is light produced by man is enough to tell us about the light of sun which is emnating

hypothesis : suns light has to have other properties compared to light produced in laboratory experiments

solar energy

one can also prove that earth and other planets are stationary on the pretext that if the telescopes ha vent changed their locations and have been stationed throughout their lifespan we can prove that planets are stationary and not revolving

it is so because if planets are revolving telescopes have to be changed frequently depending upon the location of planets which the telescope is watching

lets see further if i have the news through commonsense
earth is stationary


another theory holds good that if asteroids regularly fall on the earth then earth must also be stationary

their is a theory behind asteroids

NASA proved that asteroids travelled in space in seconds

how did they prove it and how was it recorded

if telescopes were used to see the asteroids they should be moving with asteroids per second basis but it is not true because per second is too much less than normal speed

are our telescopes powerful enough to record per second basis, if it is true NASA must be given kudos.

another question arises

are asteroids also stationary or moving

it can be proved moving because NASA itself says that small lumps of asteroids do fall on earth

amazing fact about this is that with so many man made spacecrafts passed through the asteroids which were between earth and mars and not even one space ship got destroyed

is it not amazement ?

one can prove through explanation that asteroids can be stationary , it is so through a simple test

suppose you are travelling in a train and another train is stationary what do you guess

you guess that either our train is stationary but if you know it is moving you assume that the train which is also stationary is also moving along

in the same way a spaceship moves with the same velocity and either side their are asteroids we can assume that through spaceship we understand that asteroids are also traveling with spaceship

just analyse it for me

i still haven't proved that how come asteroids fall on earth if asteroids are stationary

now question arises about day and night in earth

it can be said through dust particles being present in the air absorption of sunlight is done

in space we cannot find whether sun exists or not because space is dark without any substance present to absorb the sunlight

explore cornea, something has been left out
Earth is stationary

If earth is revolving on its axis how come their is extension of sunlight in summer and decrease in sunlight in winter. if earth is revolving summer and winter should be different because of elliptical orbit

this again puts us back to notion is that is earth really revolving

does earth come closer and farther away from sun while revolving if it is true we have to assume that earth is revolving around sun or sun is revolving or rotating

what is role of stars in the other galaxies regarding change in temperature zone of earth

do they affect the earth temperature

is the sun only medium to get heated for earth or what happens at night time when sun is not their

positions of north pole south pole has never been questioned by the scientist

can we assume that earth is stationary

if earth is revolving or rotating positions of north pole , south pole has to change with the change in position of earth which is both rotating or revolving

hence we come back to same notion that earth is stationary

this point also states that stars are by nature again stationary

again we can prove that stars are also stationary because i assume that telescopes haven't been changed from their original position of observations

now what to do i am proving to the world again and again stating everything in this universe is stationary and not moving

is it true or false based upon commonsense observation i have proven

change in summer and winter question how to solve it through common sense

i have proven that it is revolution of the earth

is it true other cases i have proven through common sense that earth is stationary

coming to this point i have proven earth is revolving or sun is revolving now how to prove earth is revolving in universe or not or sun is revolving lets see

one thing is for sure we cant send any space ship to sun now what to do

distance between the planets can prove that whether their is revolution between planets or not

one has to prove whether this distance between planets keep changing or not through observation to prove revolution of the planets

but i also stated that Venus location hasn't been changed if observation laboratory hasn't changed so we can predict that Venus is stationary and other planets are also stationary

coming back to meteorites or asteroids falling on the earth , we predicted it by looking at meteorites falling on the earth after they have fallen not when they were falling

this can also mean that formation of meteorites can also happen with the condensation of lava that was flown out of earths crust

this lava condensation can be proven correct if their exists active , dormant, sleeping volcanoes in the surrounding area where the meteorite was found

happy reading

Earth is stationary

if you are looking at cornea and i said cornea has to be scrutinized properly

one thought came right now is that if the problem is cornea why is that cornea not able to absorb sunlight in space , it can grasp matter only on planets

hence planets must possess some substance in planet by which it cornea is able to grasp the matter of sunlight into existence

so it is some element in the atmosphere that cornea is deducting hence should cornea be scrutinized or not

logical reasoning states that first atmosphere has to be scrutinized and cornea also has to be scrutinized after deducting the contents of the atmosphere


preliminary question arises as to what particles are present in the atmosphere

so science states that sunlight fall on the cornea and cornea absorbs the sunlight in the form of VIBGYOR

question now arises is their any presence of other substance other than VIBGYOR which cornea is unable to deduct which has equal play in relation to knowing of sunlight rays and observation of universe

combination of VIBGYOR, it is because science has predicted that if entire VIBGYOR is absorbed by cornea white light forms and if entire VIBGYOR is not absorbed even 0%
black light is formed

so are their other lights present in sunlight which cornea is not able to deduct

if its space it is darkness

if it is planet it is in relation to atmosphere present in planets

Venus is hot , mercury is cold even though Venus is farther than sun compared to mercury

so the effect is that all planets are linked with atmospheric temperature determined by dust particles and living organisms present in the planet that we do research upon
Q) what is radiation ?

radiation is sending out of waves of energy
distance between waves is called wavelength
number of waves passing a given point each second is called frequency
when all waves within a certain range of wavelength are grouped together is called spectrum
group with the shortest wavelength is x rays spectrum

what produces all these waves

produced naturally, machines are required
naturally made waves come from sun
in case of xrays a target must be bombarded with particles

something to think about

if natural rays are coming from sun are these natural rays are coming from other planetary bodies or not other than sun

now how to find out

darkness is the time where sunlight falls on earth in an indirect method or through lesser extent directly. if their is no sunlight directly the light that moonlight has fallen comes from external source which means their is light coming from other than sunlight

now how to find out which external source is generating light for earth other than sun

go to the space station and check out the light properties , if it tallies with sunlight properties it is sun otherwise it is some other unknown source

how to collect this light properties

space has vacuum but it is said that light also travels in vacuum hence test tube but this test tube if is visible in space which is vacuum test tube has light included in it

hypothesis :

but is this testtube visibility is because of existence of light through batteries which are manmade or is it natural light generated by external source

hypothesis :

is it true that sunlight travels in vacuum

if sunlight travels in vacuum why cant we see light properties in vacuum else space which is vacuum or not

can we see it

if we suppose say that light does not travel in vacuum because of darkness in space what made NASA think that sunlight travels in vacuum , are their any dust particles ether properties present in vacuum i said long time back existence of living algae , fungi etc in ether other than air which must be releasing air particles which collect sunlight of sun etc

NASA

I) how can one say that light travels in space ?

in darkness one cannot see passage of light , even if light travels as can be evident of sunlight being provided to earth it cannot be known through normal eye

now question arises

how did NASA defined darkness ?

II) their is no existence in prediction of earth rotation in relation to light

this means that summer, winter occurs on the basis of either rotation or revolution of earth

so sunlight exists at any given point of time

sunlight and normal experiment light must be different it is so because properties generated by nature and by human being has to be different if it is not we cannot differentiate between the two

VIBGYOR analysis may determine the existence of sunlight

question again is arising as to whether sunlight is from sun or is it a combination of all stars present in the universe

the prediction that light takes 8 minutes to reach the earth is miscalculation

8 minutes has been determined by the laboratory experiment and not through light years travelling so light is into existence even though darkness is their in one side of earth

it is said that light exists even if earth rotates

how much time is required by suns light to become a vibgyor ?

at the time of vibgyor formation suns light becomes lesser than usual

is it negation that sun and earth revolution changing ?

moon earth and sun coming closer to each other

hypothesis :

1 closer the planets distance together greater the gravitational pull

2 bigger the distance of planets lesser the gravitational pull

sun revolves and rotates on its axis

sun revolves around the earth

earth revolves around the sun

suns revolution touches earth revolution or not

planets attract each other

pluto revolution or rotation must be faster than earth if it is universe is expanding

according to hubble universe is expanding but as for me if universe is expanding and further the planets from each other the faster it moves , hence to prove it can be said that if pluto rotation or revolution is faster than earth and is proved then universe is expanding can be proved correct

how would you prove that galaxies are expanding or space is expanding

comparision : 30 kms per second earth
pluto must be faster than this

manifestation is a discovery and not creation

it is just like whether hen came first or egg

is sun rotation and changing its revolution pattern because of gravity pull between sun and planets

are planets also changing their revolution

it has been stated that earth and sun coming close together

can be proven by increase of summer and decrease in winter

so either suns revolution or earths revolution is changing

how are rats formed ?

rats are never found in places other than dirt, only where cleanliness is maintained rats aren’t seen

where are apes found ?

apes are not found anywhere hence how can all human beings are formed out of apes

apes are all similar but men , women are different colors staying in different countries

DNA formation

if you are correcting DNA, you are correcting the human anatomy

what happened to dolly ?

4) are stars also helping sun to generate sunlight or not ?

5) taking of air sample from moon (ether)

if one has taken a sample from moon air ether is still present in the air , hence even micro organisms can also be present in the vaccum of air that is being collected in the sample of moon air

then question arises as to

does metals/ test tubes have air in vaccum

water droplets , moisture , humidity

metals which have vaccum space inside what happens to them( metals)

metals make sound and for sound creation what is required ?

in vaccum can we create sound ?

metals once alone dont make sound

but when metals touch each other they produce sound

even if sound is created by moving of metals it cant be heard unless it is closer to ear drums

how did oxygen formed on earth ?

how can you say oxygen content is 16% on average

why is sunlight falling only on

partly moon or on

full moon

if sunlight falls on the earth how is earth able to absorb sunlight ?

is sunlight occuring in the same way as is seen in moon ?

one of the most thought provoking question is that

if satellites man made is rotating around earth

can we say that earth is stationary

if we want to compare about sunlight how it is absorbed by the planets we have to compare the soil of one planet with earths soil

hypothesis : both the planets say mars soil and earths soil has to be same because both absorb the sunlight

to do research in science of planets choose a place where moisture content of planet is greater it is to see that living organisms can be easily be determined about living species and can be compared with living species of earth

eg bacteria , fungi etc



important

another project is earth is falling down or towards some source can be sun

if earth is falling down what are the repurcusions

one as of now is change in climate

suppose earth is falling towards sun suns heat summer should increase and winter too must become chilly which means to say that earth is stationary as per my previous recording and earth is moving towards sun or planetary system other than sun by changing is place

hypothesis : if summer is increasing earth is coming closer and if it is coming closer to sun gravitational pull between together is strong

it can be evident even with other planets


if earth is falling it negates the question as to whether earth is stationary or not hence we can also come to conclusion that this change in earths position can be very nominal for us to find out say 1 km change in 100 years time , we have to still do a study as to whether this change is happening or not

if earth is falling down or towards sun magnetic forces play an important role

this magnetic forces between planets attract if they are closer together but don’t come to each other if magnetic forces are not strong enough

hence we can say this by taking into consideration two magnets and see each other how they attract and move towards each other, the speed is fast enough when near and it is slow when far away

it also means that if earth comes closer to sun suppose it is the attracting source when it comes near to sun its falling on sun is fast enough to fall directly on sun

hypothesis :as earth is now far from sun,magnetic forces are slow


question another arises as to why gravitational pull of moon is smaller when compared with earth gravitational pull

hypothesis : telescopes on moon cannot determine the sunlight falling on earth

if we want to see whether sun is rotating in its axis the solution is to check out the sun spots whether they are changing or not

hypothesis : illuminated side of earth always faces the moon
it is because illuminated side of moon faces earth


we will check this hypothesis later

Astronomy

Ideas about universe

Jagadish



1) Does pole star remain constant in the sky and does other stars disappear but does pole star remain their even when stars others disappear


2) big bang theory can be negated on the basis of four points

a) if everything comes from the source the source has to be bigger than the summation of entire units coming out of it example sun has to be bigger than the sum total of the planets observed stating if that sun is the source of big bang

b) if big bang theory is proven correct even now some elements in the sky has to come into existence which must be seen through telescope or observed from certain observation points

c) if all planets have come into existence from one source, that source has to be brighter that means all the planets must have same color, different sizes hence mars cannot be of different color compared to earth, venus,

d) also rock soil has to be similar in all planets with same micro organisms hence again big bang theory holds invalid .unless something related to gravity pull explained further below than below points- with certain assumptions


3) in eclipse if earth comes in between sun and moon moon disappears but does this eclipse happen in the night or daylight also it happens or not. This eclipse can easily been seen in the night time because of clear sky

hypothesis : is earth comes into middle between sun and moon even in daylight and in night time when moon is not visible.

4) can we term the satellites or moons as planets if we consider them not as satellites but as stationary planets staying close to each other along with the bigger planet

example :- Jupiter with its planetary moons

one can term this moons as stationary based upon the distance change between the planets moon when seen from the earth taking into consideration that if the distance between the moons of Jupiter hasn’t changed their distance between them it can be termed again that the moons of Jupiter is stationary

hypothesis : Jupiter and other planets moons are equidistant from each other and not changing their distance from each other


it should also be noted that no too moons of a planet can move at same speed either in rotation or revolution hence if distance between two moons is same it means that moons of that planet are stationary

moon can be termed as stationary based upon how many days it covered to reach moon from earth . if the length of the days covered to reach moon hasn’t changed at any given point of time while traveling towards moon we can term it as stationary moon.


5) we can say that stars are stationary on the pretext that the astrology moon signs and sun signs haven’t changed their direction so we can say that stars do not fall on themselves nor they change their positions every now and then .

Example Capricorn, Leo, cancer etc these star formations haven’t been deformed with passage of time when they were created by men to understand astrology way long time back.

6) all matter are present in gas, liquid, solid state. For earth to come into existence also must in the form of matter that means its in solid state, now question arises as to how did it come into solid state matter, so big bang theory holds true but above I stated that big bang theory can never be come into existence because of above 2 factors

then how did earth come into existence

7) are stars twinkling or not , to find out it has to be noted that all stars do not twinkle I mean to say is that at certain times in the sky stars are not seen why ?

it can be stated that whether stars are getting light from external source or not or only pole star exists and others diminish with passage of time either by themselves or through external source.

Hypothesis: Stars twinkling is not uniform

Expanding universe

Jagadish




1) luminosity of stars cannot be same because of different sizes of stars

hypothesis: No two stars cannot be same

2) to find out the size of the star spectrum of the star was taken into consideration and color of the light but does this color of light common to all stars if this color of light emanating out of the stars when observed is not common they have been born out of different material and not from one common source

hypothesis : no two stars have same color because they are not same and are being born from different sources of material found in galaxies

hypothesis : are two stars being formed at their origin time melt with each other to form a big star or not

3) stars atmosphere temperature has to be same because the twinkling color of these stars is same that is white when viewed from earth and so this luminosity of stars can be different but debatable as to how this color of white is seen from the earth, if suppose we go out of the earths atmosphere do these stars have the same color when viewed from outer space of earth

Hypothesis : color of stars is of different colors based upon illumination luminosity of stars and not same when viewed from outside earth through earth space station situated outside earth and hence temperature of stars must also vary

4) how do you know that galaxies other than milky way do exist or not ?

milky way is our galaxy but where to find out whether the galaxy has ended or not that too from earth with millions of stars and planets in the milky way

hypothesis : milky way is the only galaxy unless we encounter extraterrestrial from other galaxies if at all they exist

5) expanding universe cannot be static and if it is not static it cannot be stationary but we earlier talked about that planets comets stars all are stationary and all stationary cannot move and hence universe can be termed as static and not expanding or contracting as stated by Hubble


hypothesis: milky way is a static universe/galaxy and not expanding or contracting universe/galaxy

6) distance between moon and earth can be calculated with distance = speed * time

Time can be calculated with the average number of days reaching moon from earth *24 hours

So actually we are calculating distance from earth to planets/stars by keeping earth as stationary

7) if universe is expanding it means that earth standing position must change it means that earth is moving away from sun and other solar systems that again means that earth if not stationary would mean that summer and winter changes should happen vigorously so we can assume that universe is not expanding but is static contrary to Hubble

8) whatever changes in temperature like global warming which is happening to the earth is not because of expanding universe but because of our own chemicals emanating out of human existence

GRAVITY PULL OF PLANETS


9) .as stated by Stephen hawking static universe should contract under gravity pull but it hasn’t happened since earths existence

Hypothesis : gravity pull is restricted zone upto certain atmospheric level and not associated with gravity pull between planets

10) this can be proved by pslv of ISRO shooting out of gravity pull of earth and not falling back after crossing the earths atmosphere so there is no gravity pull beyond the atmosphere of any planet including earth where nasa sent its space shuttles to different planets for observation.

This earths gravity pull of pslv can be said to be common phenomenon to other planets also

Hypothesis : there is no gravity pull between planets

11) if their was gravity pull between planets suppose earth and moon the distance between them either must be expanding or contracting with each passage of time instead of distance being same when sent space shuttles to moon. At any given point of civilization time over the period of 10000 years of existence of man


12) gravity pull of moon is just only 1/6th of earth gravity which means that gravity pull of all planets stars are not same which again means that contents found in all planets is not same because of gravity pull under each planet

hypothesis : contents of atmosphere and soil contents under each planet /stars vary with each type of gravitational pull coming into force

13) isn’t it funny that other planets gravity pull is far lesser than earths gravity pull

for example nasa sent so many space shuttles and not a single space shuttle has fallen down to ground level when it sent them to mars , venus, Jupiter and other planets and while returning back could counter the gravity pull of these planets

hypothesis : other planets , stars gravity pull is lesser than earths gravity pull


what are its implications ? I don’t know but this is a fact

1) atmosphere change
2) ozone layer being present
3) absorption of sun’s heat
4) Lunar, solar eclipse. Does it happen in other planets
5) Moisture content difference
6) Cloud formations
7) Windmills
8) Deformity of mankind shape
9) Hunger
10) Water level of planets
11) Change of soil contents
12) New type of micro organisms being found in each of the planets
13) New type of elements in planets (eg: coal, lead, diamonds in earth) being formed near the core

May be these above but have to checkout with some facts

14) Is gravity pull of planets decreasing with passage of time

Hypothesis : gravity pull of planets is decreasing with each passage of time

Sometime back I stated that gravity pull between planets cannot be their because of static universe. Does this mean 2 things

a) either universe is static by itself or has become static with passage of time over the period of centuries if we consider that planets are stationary without rotation revolution

but counter questioned

was earth not static when dinasours were into existence or is it because of expanding universe they got wiped out of existence





or was earth became static from the very day of existence when men came on earth who is the first man women born on earth

interesting one thing is sure earth has to be static from day one because earths temperature came to cool off by being placed from sun at right place in solar system which benefited the manhood

now question is big bang theory correct or is it incorrect

debatable

but there is other science which counters big bang that is chaos theory

which is correct and wrong lets discuss later. have to be judged through other parameters


15) how can you determine the exact time at which big bang theory has started
what is the starting point of time if big bang theory proves correct

I agree with Stephen hawking stating that if we take time before big bang theory its of no use because even if we take before big bang no developments have happened before big bang so big bang theory developments as per practicality has happened after big bang

Time taken is infinite time not to be determined but to be analysed later as to how the cooling off of planets etc have taken place if big bang theory holds true that is important and not before big bang to make ourselves feel comfortable for analysis sake

16) As per two refugees of nazi occupied suggested in 1948 herman bondi and Thomas gold they stated that as universe is expanding in between the spaces of galaxy new galaxies were being formed

This theory can hold good if nasa comes out with some observations of its own

Hypothesis : galaxies are stationary as all planets are


17) radio sources emiting out may lie within our galaxy or lie outside galaxy

this can be argued that if we cannot determine that other than milky way there is no galaxy then radio waves are being emited out are within our galaxy otherwise if extraterrestrial animals are found outside our galaxy it would hold true that radio waves are outside galaxy

research is required

personally if anybody asks me I would state that milky way is the only galaxy because there is no boundary wall for this galaxy seen from any corner of the galaxy points

hypothesis : milky way is the only galaxy known to human kind and other galaxies discussed by astronomers like nasa are actually debating on the existence of our own galaxy from a distance

nasa still has to confirm in its website whether other galaxies exist and seen or not

18) one more thing because of our technology radio waves are being emited out by the earth because of the existence of man made satellites . it can be argued that radio waves must have been created only by the mankind and emiting out radio waves to the galaxy because of man made satellites

hypothesis : it states that radio waves being emanated out by the earth to the galaxy is because of the existence of man made satellites and not radio waves exist in galaxy other than earth

19) what happens to planetary bodies once their gravity pull gets decrease or cease to exist

hypothesis : planetary bodies get destroyed and cease to exist for animals and later on shrink in size

example : take human beings

Clouds

1) are clouds affected by gravity, if yes why dont they fall down, how much weight is their of clouds, are they weightless then how do they bring about rain and that only through rain bearing clouds , other than this other clouds dont bear rain why

hypothesis : clouds change themselves by becoming rain bearing because of accumulation storage of rain droplets in them


what is the use of other clouds for earth, nature is not stupid to create multiple clouds

it has been checked that rain bearing clouds are formed because of accumulation of water droplets inside the cloud and when they become heavy fall on earth as rain

2) some clouds bear rain, water droplets are formed in the early morning , why not in afternoon, late day when sun appears they disappear because of suns heat but if suns heat is the reason what temperature makes the water droplets appear and dissapear

3) if we can find out the temperature when water droplets are formed it can lead to maybe how clouds are formed

hypothesis : water droplets are the source for formation of clouds

4) can water droplets in the form of clouds if formed by man made can it solve radiation of heat and ozone formation

hypothesis : water droplets through dispersion of light and cloud formation can save ozone layer

5) why cant we see clouds every day why are they present and not present sometimes

hypothesis : pollution increase and lack of trees are the real cause of lack of clouds

eg : can we check this out while one visit chirapunji


Stratus is a large dark low cloud deck that tends to form when a stable cool air mass is trapped underneath a warm air mass. It can also form due to the lifting of advection fog during breezy conditions. Clouds can also be formed due to lifting over mountains and other topography

6) if this is the case how can one differentiate between the starting point of both warm and cold air

hypothesis : formation of cloud is the starting point of hot and cold air

7) how did one differentiate between the types of earths atmosphere and how could one give the distance between each stage of atmosphere isnt it strange

hypothesis : earths atmoshpere can be differentiated only by the basis of density of air

is it true that earths atmosphere category was checked out on the basis of density of air or was it other way

ETHER


what is ether : it is one which is in vaccum where prescence of wind is not their

what happens if ether is present ? or mean to say what is ether wind is it into existence ?

it is into existence is debatable because we ourselves are comparing it with wind

assumption can be made that ether is something different from wind properties

it ether is not wind what can we assume

we can assume that ether doesnt have velocity as wind , it is stationary

so when light travels in ether their is no existence of wind force as is evident when we talk about wind

this can be stated as light when travels inside ether, ether doesnt show properties of wind

light travels at the same speed when it travels in normal way without any obstruction to its path

what is present in ether :?

we can assume that 2 properties

one either cornea of eye hasnt been scrutinised properly to know how sunlight is observed through eyes

or second their may exist micro organisms like algae , fungi, bacteria in that vacant space which is helping the light to travel inside the empty space vaccum that is created by removing air

are these micro organisms emnating some sound which we cannot hear and is this noise is affecting the light properties which cannot be checked

at which mega hertz can we hear the sound of micro organisms ?

we can assume with as assumption

and that assumption can be

1 the higher the brain evolution lower the wavelength

2 the lower the brain evolution higher the wavelength

it can be assumed in this way by noting that human ear can hear at 20 to 20000 mega hertz

so it can also be assumed in the other way also that

1 higher the brain evolution higher the brain wavelength

2 lower the brain evolution the lower the brain wavelength

but if we assume through commonsense we can come to conclusion that brain of human beings and monkeys can be heard to the normal ear , they are supposed to be evolved so question arises as to which assumption above helds true

the sound of ants can be known only through some experiments

it is also known that sound of mosquitoes cant be heard unless they come closer to your ear

when they are far away their sound cannot be known

again coming to same question again

1 higher the brain evolution higher the wavelength to be caught

2 lower the brain evolution lower the wavelength to be caught

or the other way

how can we prove through common sense

it can be known through tough brain strength wavelength

if we experiment the one who has more knowledge feels always that brain wavelenth is very tough to comprehend the news which is complex brain gets , it becomes easy for the brain to comprehend which is small information to get when wavelength of that person is tough

and if the above example is true higher brain strength is denoted by higher mental wavelength

so we can assume and start the experiment by first exploring the assumption of

1 higher the brain evolution higher the brain wavelength

2 lower the brain evolution lower the brain wavelength

so through common sense we can prove that

1 higher the brain evolution higher the wavelength

2 lower the brain evolution lower the wavelength

hence the second assumption can be proved to be true

it has to be now proved through experiments

END